The pH level of the soil is one of the most important factors that determine the success of agriculture. It is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil, and this level directly affects the availability of nutrients to plants and the activity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil. It can sometimes be toxic. Therefore, in this article, we will discuss the difference between alkaline and acidic soils. Understanding the nature of the soil is the first step towards improving its productivity.
Definition of soil acidity
pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the soil. It is the difference between alkaline and acidic soil. The lower the number, the higher the concentration of hydrogen ions and the more acidic the soil becomes, while the higher the number, the lower the concentration of hydrogen ions and the more alkaline the soil becomes.
The importance of knowing soil acidity
Knowing the soil's pH level is crucial because:
- Every plant needs certain nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and iron. In highly acidic or alkaline soils, these elements become chemically bound and unavailable for absorption by plant roots, even if they are present in the soil.
- Beneficial bacteria and fungi that decompose organic matter and fix nitrogen prefer neutral or slightly acidic soils, while in highly acidic or alkaline soils, their activity decreases, which weakens soil fertility.
- High acidity can cause metal toxicity, as the elements aluminum and manganese become toxic to many plants.
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The difference between alkaline and acidic soil
The difference between alkaline and acidic soil lies in pH, a scale ranging from 0 to 14:
- Acidic soil has a pH level of less than 7.
- Neutral soil has a pH of 7 and is ideal for many plants.
- Alkaline or basic soils have a pH level higher than 7.
Problems with acidic soil
One of the problems of acidic soil is a severe deficiency of essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, increased toxicity of aluminum and manganese, and reduced activity of beneficial microorganisms.
Plants that grow in acidic soil
Many plants prefer slightly to moderately acidic soil, most notably roses, azaleas, camellias, gardenias, blueberries, strawberries, potatoes, tomatoes, pineapples, artichokes, and pine trees and conifers in general.
Problems with alkaline soil
One of the problems of alkaline soil is a deficiency in important micronutrients, such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper and boron, which causes yellowing of the leaves due to iron deficiency, where the leaf veins appear green, while the leaf itself becomes yellow, and poor absorption of phosphorus.
Plants that grow in alkaline soil
Plants that grow in alkaline soil include lavender, lilac, oregano, thyme, carnation, pomegranate, helix, tulips, leeks, onions, spinach, cabbage, and broccoli.
Plants that grow in acidic and alkaline soils
Plants that grow in acidic and alkaline soils are resilient and can grow in a wide range of pH levels. These include ivy, crap myrtle, olive trees, eucalyptus, and hibiscus.
How to measure soil pH
- Obtain more than one sample from different areas in the field or garden to accurately represent the soil, then prepare the sample for testing and mix the soil with distilled water, because distilled water gives a more accurate reading and is not affected by salts. Then leave the mixture to rest before measuring so that the soil settles. Then send the sample to a specialized laboratory that gives a very accurate analysis, and determines not only the pH, but also the nutrients. Alternatively, tools such as pH strips or an electronic pH meter can be used.
- If the soil is too acidic (pH too low), you may need to use acid-reducing materials such as agricultural lime. If the soil is too alkaline, some materials such as sulfur can be used to lower the pH.
- After the amendment, the plants are monitored and observed for any improvement or problems in growth, and the pH test is repeated every year or once every 1-2 years, especially if you have added soil amendments such as lime or sulfur, to see if the amendment is effective or not.
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Can the pH of the soil be changed?
Soil pH can be changed, but it is a continuous and patient process, because soil has an insulating capacity, meaning it resists changes in pH. Alkaline soil modification is usually more difficult than acidic soil modification and requires more time.
Al Talib Store for Soil Problem Solutions
Al-Talib Store offers specialized solutions based on an accurate diagnosis to determine the difference between alkaline and acidic soils. Some of these solutions include the following:
- We offer free initial consultations, and we also provide soil analysis services in our store to accurately identify the problem.
- We have a carefully selected range of the best soil amendment materials:
- For treating acidic soils: high-purity agricultural lime, dolomite, and alkaline fertilizers.
- For treating alkaline soils: finely ground agricultural sulfur, acidic balsamic peat, and ammonium sulfate fertilizers.
- General soil improvers: High-quality compost, biofertilizers (biofermal fertilizers), and natural additives to improve soil structure and fertility.
- Our team is fully aware of the soil conditions and characteristics in various regions of the Kingdom and the Arab world. We offer you a clear treatment plan and easy-to-follow application steps.
conclusion
Understanding the difference between alkaline and acidic soil is the cornerstone of any successful agricultural plan. By periodically analyzing the soil and using appropriate amendments such as lime or sulfur, the balance can be restored to the soil, making it more suitable for the growth of the plants you wish to cultivate. The support team from Al Taleb Store makes it easy for you to choose the most suitable strategy for your region and soil type. Do not hesitate to contact them via WhatsApp.
Frequently asked questions about the difference between alkaline and acidic soils
1. What are the problems of alkaline soil?
The problems of alkaline soil include difficulty for plants to absorb essential nutrients such as iron, zinc and manganese, which leads to yellowing of the leaves, especially with iron deficiency, damage to the tips and their appearance as burnt, and may delay the flowering process and hinder the overall growth of the plant.
2. What plants grow in alkaline soil?
Plants that grow in alkaline soil include ornamental plants such as yarrow, bellflower, phlox, sage, and butterfly bush (Baudleia), and some vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, peas, and clover, and other trees and shrubs that tolerate alkaline soil such as strawberry tree, juniper, elm, and hawthorn.
3. How do we treat soil alkalinity?
Alkaline soils can be treated by adding acidic materials such as sulfur or aluminum sulfate, or by improving them with organic matter such as compost and agricultural gypsum to improve soil properties and remove sodium.
4. What are the disadvantages of calcareous soil?
One of the problems of calcareous soil is the rapid hardening of the surface layer, making it difficult to service the land by aerating and preparing it for cultivation, thus making it difficult to deal with, which leads to the plant's inability to absorb water and mineral nutrients.